Handbook of Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains one of the most prevalent, deadly, and underdiagnosed infectious diseases in the world. In children, this burden is doubly problematic because of the disease's unique clinical characteristics and its need for special public health and diagnostic techniques. After decades of relative inattention to these factors, childhood tuberculosis has now grown into an important area of competency for child health programs in low-burden areas, including the United States.

The Handbook of Child and Adolescent Tuberculosis is a state-of-the-art clinical reference written and edited by the world's leading experts in childhood tuberculosis. It offers clinicians in any geography or setting practical, evidence-based advice on all aspects of the disease, including its natural history, epidemiology, presentation, treatment, and prevention — all in a format that synthesizes literature with the clinical experience of the leading authorities in this challenging field.

As the need for childhood tuberculosis services in child health programs grows, this handbook provides a new benchmark for practitioners and trainees in pediatrics, infectious disease, pulmonary medicine, and public health to better understand this persisting and difficult disease.

Table of Contents

Preface
About the editors
List of Abbreviations
Contributors
1. A Brief History of Childhood Tuberculosis
Peter R. Donald
2. Microbiology and Pathology of Tuberculosis
Anne-Marie Demers, Andrew C. Whitelaw, Kathleen D. Eisenach
3. Immunology of Tuberculosis
Beate Kampmann, Elizabeth Whittaker
4. Natural History of Childhood Tuberculosis
Ben J. Marais
5. Global Epidemiology of Childhood Tuberculosis
Charalambos Sismanidis, Philille Glaziou, Malgosia Grzemska, Katherine Floyd, Mario Raviglione
6. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Infection in Children
Anna M. Mandalakas, Andrew DiNardo
7. Microbiologic Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease in Children
Mark P. Nicol, Heather J. Zar
8. Radiology of Childhood Tuberculosis
Savvas Andronikou, Tracy Kilborn
9. Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Tuberculosis
Carlos M. Perez-Velez
10. Diagnosis of the Most Common Forms of Extrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children
H. Simon Schaaf, Anthony J. Garcia-Prats
11. Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in Children
Ronald van Toorn
12. Tuberculosis in Adolescents
Andrea T. Cruz
13. Tuberculosis in Neonates and Infants
Adrie Bekker
14. Tuberculosis in HIV-infected and -Exposed Infants, Children and Adolescents
Helena Rabie, Mark F. Cotton
15. Antituberculosis Drugs in Children
Helen McIlleron
16. Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection in Children
Amina Ahmed
17. Management of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis in Children
Soumya Swaminathan, N. Poorana Ganga Devi
18. Management of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Children
James Seddon
19. Tuberculosis Vaccines: the old and the New
Kim Connelly Smith, Ian M. Orme, Jeffrey R. Starke
20. Mycobacterium bovis [non-BCG] in Children
Jeffrey R. Starke
21. Public Health and Programmatic Issues for Childhood Tuberculosis
Jeffrey R. Starke
22. The Roadmap for Childhood Tuberculosis
Stephen M. Graham, Anne Detjen
Index

Jeffrey R. Starke, Director, Children's Tuberculosis Clinic, Ben Taub General Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, and Edited by Peter R. Donald, Emeritus Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University

Jeffrey R. Starke, MD, has been the Director of the Children's Tuberculosis Clinic at Ben Taub General Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital for 30 years. He has published over 110 articles and 40 chapters on childhood tuberculosis. He has served on numerous advisory and guideline groups, and is a former Chairman of the U.S. CDC Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. His wife, Joan Shook, is also a pediatrician and all three of their children are in various stages of medical training.

Peter R. Donald, MD, is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He is active in various tuberculosis research activities focused on anti-tuberculosis drug assessment in adults and children and various aspects of the management and treatment of childhood tuberculosis. He continues to lecture on childhood tuberculosis throughout the world.