Clinical Investigations at a Glance provides an up-to-date, evidence-based overview of diagnostic investigations, looking at their choice, importance and interpretation for commonly presenting symptoms and conditions.
Designed to help develop the evidence-based use of investigations and interpret results properly, the book provides a unique perspective on many critical issues in medical testing, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing unnecessary tests or harm.
Clinical Investigations at a Glance is structured in three parts: an overview of tests; common presentations (such as chest pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss and anaemia,); and conditions organized by body system, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and nephrology.
Key features include:
• How to interpret investigations, using high quality illustrations to compare ‘normal’ and ‘diseased’ results
• Evidence-based, including references
• How to select the most appropriate investigation, the accuracy of tests and how to manage incidental findings
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Part 1: Overview of tests
1. Investigations and interpreting tests
2. Screening tests
3. Consent for investigations
4. Risks of tests
5. Genetic tests
6. Principles of radiological investigations
7. Cytology and histopathology tests
8. Presenting at radiology and histopathology meetings
9. Requesting tests
10. Therapeutic drug monitoring
11. Investigations in resource-limited settings
12. Tests for outpatient, inpatient and patients in intensive care
Part 2: Common Presentations
13. Chest pain
14. Acute abdominal pain
15. Headache
16. Nausea and vomiting
17. Diarrhoea
18. Constipation
19. Haematemesis and melena
20. Rectal bleeding
21. Dyspepsia
22. Dysphagia
23. Weight loss
24. Obesity
25. Fatigue
26. Coma and impaired consciousness
27. Preoperative investigations for elective surgery
28. Syncope
29. Back pain
30. Peripheral oedema
31. Jaundice
32. Meningitis
33. Anaemia
34. Lymphadenopathy
35. Cough
36. Haemoptysis
37. Palpitations and cardiac arrhythmias
38. Red eye
39. Vertigo
40. Urinary tract infection
41. Haematuria
42. Attempted suicide and self-poisoning
43. Immunosuppressed patients
44. Diagnosing death
45. Shock
46. Trauma
47. Alcohol-use disorder
48. Eating disorders
49. Seizure
50. Muscle weakness
51. Visual loss
52. Hearing loss
Part 3: Conditions Cardiovascular disease
53. Heart failure
54. Peripheral arterial disease
55. Infective endocarditis
56. Aortic disease
57. Hypertension
58. Hyperlipidaemia
Respiratory disease and sleep disorders
59. Pneumonia
60. Asthma
61. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
62. Pleural effusion
63. Pneumothorax
64. Pulmonary embolism
65.Pulmonary hypertension
66. Pulmonary nodules
67. Interstitial lung disease
68. Sleep disorders
Gastroenterology and hepatology
69. Ascites
70. Intestinal obstruction
71. Malabsorption
72. Inflammatory bowel disease
73. Irritable bowel syndrome
74. Colorectal cancer
75. Liver mass
76. Cirrhosis
77. Liver function tests
78. Acute pancreatitis
Nephrology and urology
79. Acute kidney injury
80. Chronic kidney disease
81. Metabolic acid-base disorders
82. Potassium disorders
83. Sodium disorders
84. Calcium disorders
85. Proteinuria
86. Renal mass
87. Kidney stones
88. Renal artery stenosis
Endocrinology
89. Diabetes mellitus: diagnosis
90. Diabetes mellitus: complications
91. Diabetes insipidus
92. Thyroid disorders
93. Thryoid function tests
Pituitary disorders
94. Hypopituitarism
95. Acromegaly
96. Hyperprolactinaemia
Adrenal disorders
97. Adrenal insufficiency
98. Adrenal incidentaloma
99. Cushing’s syndrome
100. Phaeochromocytoma
101. Primary hyperaldosteronism
Reproductive and obstetric medicine
102. Male hypogonadism
103. Infertility
104. Erectile dysfunction
105. Amenorrhoea
106. Hirsutism
107. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
108. Pre-eclampsia and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
109. Pregnancy
Infectious Diseases
110. Pyrexia of unknown origin
111. Leucopenia and febrile neutropenia
112. Illness in returned travellers
113. Sepsis
114. Sepsis: testing for infectious diseases
115. Osteomyelitis
116. Sexually transmitted diseases
117. Tuberculosis
118. HIV
Haematology
119. Leucocytosis
120. Myelodysplastic syndromes
121. Erythrocytosis
122. Haemolytic anaemia
123. Leukaemia
124. Lymphoma
125. Multiple myeloma
126. Platelet disorders
127. Bleeding disorders
128. Thrombophilia
Oncology
129. Breast cancer
130. Spinal cord compression
131. Cancer of unknown primary
132. Tumour markers
133. Ovarian cancer
134. Prostate cancer
Neurology
135. Stroke
136. Haemorrhagic stroke
137. Brain abscess
138. Encephalitis
139. Brain tumours
140. Multiple sclerosis
141. Spinal cord disorders
142. Peripheral neuropathy
143. Movement disorders
Rheumatology
144. Septic and crystal arthropathies
145. Osteoarthritis
146. Spondyloarthropathies
147. Rheumatoid arthritis
148. Systemic lupus erythematosus
149. Scleroderma and Raynaud’s phenomenon
150. Sjögren’s syndrome
151. Vasculitis
152. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
153. Osteoporosis
Geriatric and General Medicine
154. Dementia
155. Delirium
156. Falls
157. Urinary incontinence
Clinical Immunology and Allergy
158. Allergy and anaphylaxis
159. Primary immunodeficiency disorders
Dermatology
160. Skin cancers
161. Skin rashes
162. Urticaria and angioedema
References
Index
