Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System in Children

Inflammatory disorders of the nervous system, although individually uncommon, collectively make up 10-20% of acute paediatric neurology presentations and many are potentially treatable. Research into them is lagging behind adult research, but better diagnosis and often simple treatments could lead to substantial clinical benefit and reduction in long-term disability. This book provides a detailed and comprehensive summary of the childhood diseases that are, or are likely to be, caused by the immune system. The authors not only describe these disorders and their treatments comprehensively, helping pediatricians and pediatric neurologists to improve their understanding and recognition of the conditions, but also highlight recent and exciting developments that will be of considerable importance in the future. CONTENTS NEUROIMMUNOLOGY CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Russell C. Dale (Australia) and Angela Vincent (UK) INFLAMMATION AND AUTOIMMUNITY: A NERVOUS SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE Fabienne Brilot (Australia) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS DEMYELINATING SYNDROMES OVERVIEW OF NEW INTERNATIONAL DEFINITIONS FOR CNS DEMYELINATION SYNDROMES IN CHILDREN Russell C. Dale (UK) and Silvia Tenembaum (Argentina) ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS Silvia Tenembaum (Argentina) and Tanuja Chitnis (USA) CHILDHOOD MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Yann Mikaeloff, Russell C. Dale (Australia) and Marc Tardieu (France) MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: AN ADULTS PERSPECTIVE Gavin Giovannoni (UK) TRANSVERSE MYELITIS Michael Levy and Douglas Kerr (USA) OPTIC NEURITIS IN CHILDREN Brenda Banwell and Raymond Buncic (Canada) REGIONAL NEUROINFLAMMATORY SYNDROMES SYDENHAM’S CHOREA Francisco Cardoso (Brazil) PAEDIATRIC AUTOIMMUNE NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION (PANDAS) Tanya Murphy and Ana Segarra (USA) OPSOCLONUS MYCLONUS SYNDROME Michael Pranzatelli (USA) OTHER IMMUNE-MEDIATED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL MOVEMENT DISORDERS Russell C. Dale (Australia) POST-INFECTIOUS ATAXIA AND CEREBELLITIS Deepak Gill (Australia) RASMUSSEN ENCEPHALITIS Christian Bien (Germany) and Jan Bauer (Austria) SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS AND VASCULITIS NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONSD OF CHILDHOOD SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME Liora Harel (Israel) and Emily von Scheven (USA) CEREBRAL VASCULITIS Jorina Elbers and Susanne Benseler (Canada) MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION SYNDROMES Marc Tardieu and Nizar Mahlaoui (France) ORPHAN NEURO-INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS AICARDI-GOUTIERES SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS John B.P. Stephenson and Yanick J. Crow (UK) NEONATAL ONSET MULTISYSTEMJ INFLAMMATORY DISORDER (NOMID)/CHRONIC INFANTILE NEUROLOGICAL CUTANEOUS SYNDROME (CINCA) Simon R. Ling (Singapore) and P. Ian Andrews (Australia) FOLATE RECEPTOR AUTOIMMUNITY IN CEREBRAL FOLATE DEFICIENCY Vincent T. Ramaekers (Germany) and Edward V. Quadros (USA) EMERGING CONCEPTS INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS Ming Lim, Mylvaganam Jeyakumar, and Francis Platt (UK) GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR AUTOANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES Mia Levite and Yonatan Ganor (Israel) AUTOIMMUNE CHANNELOPATHIES: LESSONS FROM ADULT NEUROLOGY PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS CHILDHOOD AUTOIMMUNE MYASTHENIA Jeremy Parr, Sandeep Jayawant, Camilla Buckley, and Angela Vincent (UK) GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY IN CHILDHOOD Monique M. Ryan, John D. Pollard, and Robert A. Ouvrier (Australia) DERMATOMYOSITIS AND POLYMYOSITIS Elizabeth Stringer and Brian M. Feldman (Canada) INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS IN GENETIC NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS James G. Tidball and Michelle Wehling-Henriks (USA)